Linux Tips and Tricks
Revision as of 15:36, 21 September 2015 by Ad876 (talk | contribs) (→Unix/Linux Commands to Know and Cherish (with many thanks to Steve Lantz, CAC))
Unix/Linux Commands to Know and Cherish (with many thanks to Steve Lantz, CAC)
- • Shell: bash or tcsh
- - The shell defines many of the commands you enter at the command line
- - The Bourne Again Shell is an update to the original Bourne shell (sh)
- - Similarly tcsh is an update to csh, the C Shell (up-arrow to get last command)
- • man = “manual” = the way you get help, e.g., “man ls”
- • Working with directories: cd, pwd, ls, mkdir, rmdir
- - cd to change directory (popd, pushd to use directory stack); “cd ..” = up one level
- - pwd = print working directory = print your current location (also known as .)
- - “ls -l” gives you complete directory listing, “ls -a” lets you see .prefix-files
- - mkdir to create a new directory, rmdir to remove an existing one
- • Environment variables: export (bash, sh) or setenv (tcsh, csh)
- - Variables that are local to the shell are defined with “set”
- - Env variables are inherited by shells started in the parent shell
- - Type “set” to see locals, “env” to see environment
- • To view an environment variable: “echo $varname”
- • Move, copy, remove files: mv, cp, rm
- • To view the contents of a file: “cat filename"
- - cat = “concatenate to standard output”, stdout is the terminal by default
- • Redirect stdout using symbols
- - “cat file1 > file2” replaces (clobbers) file2 with the contents of file1
- - “cat file1 >> file2” appends file2 with the contents of file1
- - “cmd1 | cmd2” to pipe stdout of cmd1 to stdin of cmd2
- • Text editors: vi, emacs
- - Terminal window becomes plain text editor
- - No graphical interface, all editing done via special key sequences
- • Controlling processes
- - control sequences: ctrl-c = kill, ctrl-z = suspend
- - bg to put process in background, fg to bring to foreground, “jobs” to see bg list